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1 carbon-in-pulp process
процесс "уголь в пульпе"Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > carbon-in-pulp process
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2 carbon-in-pulp process
процесс " уголь в пульпе"Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > carbon-in-pulp process
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3 carbon in pulp process
Золотодобыча: "уголь-в-пульпе", выщелачивание золота цианистыми растворами с последующей адсорбцией металла из нефильтрованных пульп гранулированным активированным углём, уголь в пульпе, цианирование с последующей сорбцией на угольУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > carbon in pulp process
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4 carbon-in-pulp process
1) Техника: процесс "уголь в пульпе"2) Золотодобыча: "уголь-в-пульпе", выщелачивание золота цианистыми растворами с последующей адсорбцией металла из нефильтрованных пульп гранулированным активированным углём, уголь в пульпе, цианирование с последующей сорбцией на угольУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > carbon-in-pulp process
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5 carbon in pulp process
Gold mining: CIPУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > carbon in pulp process
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6 carbon-in-pulp process
Gold mining: CIPУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > carbon-in-pulp process
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7 process
1) процесс2) (технологический) процесс; (технологическая) обработка3) технологический приём; способ4) технология5) режим; ход (процесса)6) обрабатывать, подвергать обработке7) подвергать анализу, анализировать•to design process — разрабатывать технологию-
acetone-acetylene process
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acetylene process
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Acheson process
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acid Bessemer process
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acid process
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acid reclaiming process
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acyclic process
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Adapti investment casting process
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additive process
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adiabatic process
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Aero case process
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aerobic process
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age-dependent process
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air blast process
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air-sand process
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Alcan process
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Al-Dip process
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alfin process
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alkali reclaiming process
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alkaline process
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Allis-Chalmers agglomeration reduction process
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ALT process
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aluminothermic process
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anaerobic process
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anamorphotic process
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annealing-in-line process
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anode process
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anodic electrode process
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AOD process
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aqua-cast process
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ARBED-ladle-treatment process
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arc-air process
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arc-remelting process
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argon-oxygen-decarburization process
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ASEA-SKF process
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autoregressive process
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averaging process
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Azincourt process
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azo coupling process
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background process
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bag process
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BAP process
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Barrow process
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Basett process
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basic Bessemer process
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basic oxygen process
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basic process
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basic-arc process
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batch process
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biofiltration process
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bipolar process
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bipolar-FET process
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bipolar-MOS process
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BISRA degassing process
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black-heart process
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Blackodising process
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blast-furnace process
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Blaw-Knox process
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bleaching process
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Bochumer-Verein process
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boiling process
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bonding process
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bottom-argon-process process
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broadband random process
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bromoil transfer process
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bromoil process
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bubble-column process
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bubble-hearth process
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buffer-slag process
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Calmes process
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Canadizing process
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carbon mold process
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carbon process
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carbon-arc process
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carbon-in-leach process
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carbon-in-pulp process
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carbothermic process
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carbro process
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carrier-gas degassing process
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cascade process
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cast shell process
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catalytic DENO process
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cathodic process
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CC-CR process
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CC-DR process
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CC-HCR process
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cementation process
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cementation-in-pulp process
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cementing process
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centrifugal spinning process
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cermet process
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CESM process
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CEVAM process
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charge transfer process
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chemical vapor deposition process
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chemical-bonding process
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Chenot process
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china process
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cine exposure process
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cine process
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CLC process
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clean burn process
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cloudburst process
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CLU process
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CMOS process
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CNC process
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CO2 silicate process
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coal reduction process
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coal to gas process
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coal-gas-sumitomo process
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coal-oxygen-injection process
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COIN process
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cold box process
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cold doping process
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cold process
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cold scrap process
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cold type process
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collodion process
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color process
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concurrent processes
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consteel process
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consumable electrode vacuum arc melting process
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contact process
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continuous annealing process
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continuous casting-cleaning rolling process
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continuous casting-direct rolling process
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continuous casting-hot charging and rolling process
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continuous electroslag melting process
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continuous metal cast process
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continuous-on-line control process
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continuous-time process
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controlled pressure pouring process
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controlled process
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converter process
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cooking process
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coppering process
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copying process
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coupled cathodic-anodic process
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cracking process
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Creusot Loire Uddenholm process
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critical process
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cumulative process
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cuprammonium process
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curing process
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CVD process
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cyclic process
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Cyclosteel process
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Czochralski process
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daguerre photographic process
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dense-media process
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Desco process
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deterministic process
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developing process
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DH degassing process
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diabatic process
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diazo process
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diffused planar process
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diffusion process
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diffusion transfer process
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dip-forming process
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direct iron process
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direct process
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direct reduction process
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direct-sintering process
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discrete-time process
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discrete process
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DLM process
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Domnarvet process
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Dored process
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double-crucible process
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double-epi process
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doubling process
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D-process
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DR process
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drop-molding process
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dry adiabatic process
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dry process
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dry-blanch-dry process
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duplex process
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easy drawing process
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EBM process
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EBR process
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EF-AOD process
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electric furnace-argon oxygen decarburization process
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electroarc process
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electrocatalytic process
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electrocolor process
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electrodialysis reversal process
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electroflux-remelting process
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electromembrane process
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electron-beam-melting process
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electron-beam-refining process
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electrophotoadhesive process
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electrophotographic process
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electroslag refining process
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electroslag remelting process
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electroslag remelt process
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electrostatographic process
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electrostream process
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Elo-Vac process
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elquench process
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endothermic process
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energy efficient process
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entropy process
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enzymatic process
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EPIC process
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epidemic process
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epitaxial growth process
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epitaxy growth process
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ergodic process
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ESR process
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Estel process
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etching process
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exoergic process
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exothermic process
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extrusion-molded neck process
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ferroprussiate process
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Ferrox process
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filming process
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filtration-chlorination process
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Finkl-Mohr process
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FIOR process
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first process
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fixed-bed MTG process
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flash steel direct reduction process
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float process
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float-and-sink process
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float-zone process
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flow process
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fluid iron ore reduction process
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fluid-bed MTG process
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fluidized roasting process
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fluid-sand process
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FMC coke process
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foaming process
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foehn process
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food-machinery and chemical coke process
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foreground process
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Foren process
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FOS process
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freeze concentration process
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fuel-oxygen-scrap process
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full-mold process
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fusion-casting process
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Futacuchi process
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Gaussian process
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Gero mold degassing process
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Gero vacuum casting process
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GGS process
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girbitol process
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gradual reduction process
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growing process
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growth process
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gypsum-sulfuric acid process
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Hall electrolytic process
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Harris process
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hazardous process
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H-coal process
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heat-transfer process
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heavy-media process
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hibernating process
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HI-GAS process
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high-frequency induction process
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HIP process
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H-iron process
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Hoope process
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hot isostatic pressing process
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hot process
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hot-metal process
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hot-metal-and-scrap process
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hot-type process
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hydrogasification process
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hydrotype process
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HyL process
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IC-DR process
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image process
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imbibition process
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immiscible displacement process
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implantation process
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impurity doping process
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in-bulk process
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inchrome process
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in-draw process
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inductoslag-melting process
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ingot casting direct rolling process
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injection molding process
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in-line process
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Inred process
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interpolation process
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investment process
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ion-implantation process
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irreversible process
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isentropic process
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ISM process
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isobaric process
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isochoric process
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isoenthalpic process
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isoentropic process
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isometric process
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isoplanar process
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isothermal process
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iterative process
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jet-expanding process
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Kaldo process
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katadyn process
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Kawasaki-bottom-oxygen-process process
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Kawasaki-Gas-Lime-Injection process
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K-BOP process
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KEK process
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KG-LI process
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kiln-reduction process
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KIVCET cyclone smelting process
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KIVCET process
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knit-deknit process
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koetherizing process
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KR process
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kraft process
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lance bubbling equilibrium process
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LBE process
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LD-AB process
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LD-AC process
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LD-AOD process
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LD-argon bottom process
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LD-argon oxygen decarburization process
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LD-CB process
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LD-circle lance process
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LD-CL process
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LD-combination blow process
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LD-HC top and botton blowing process
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LDK process
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LD-Kawasaki-Gas process
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LD-KG process
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LD-OB process
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LD-OTB process
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LD-oxygen bottom process
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LD-oxygen-top-bottom process
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lift-off process
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liquefaction process
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liquid gas plug process
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liquid-phase process
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loop transfer process
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lost core process
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low-waste technological process
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LSI process
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LVR process
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LVS process
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Mannesmann powder process
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mapping process
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Markovian process
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Markov process
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masking process
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matte fuming process
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melting process
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mercast process
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Midland-Ross process
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Midrex process
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migration process
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miscible displacement process
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miscible plug process
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mixed autoregressive-moving average process
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moist adiabatic process
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Molynutz process
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monochrome process
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monolithic process
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MOS process
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MOSFET process
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motion-picture process
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moving average process
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narrowband random process
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Neely process
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negative-positive process
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Nitemper process
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no pickle process
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nonflow process
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non-Gaussian process
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Nord-Fuvo process
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Nu-iron process
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OBM process
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OG process
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OLP converter process
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one-way process
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open-hearth process
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orbitread process
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ore process
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Orthoflow cracking process
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Orthoforming process
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orthogonal increment process
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oxidation process
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oxide-isolated process
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oxygen-blow process
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oxygen-gas process
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oxygen-lancing process
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oxygen-steelmaking process
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packaging process
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pad-batch dyeing process
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pad-dry dyeing process
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pad-jig dyeing process
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pad-roll dyeing process
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pad-steam dyeing process
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pad-steam vat-print process
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PAMCO-hot-alloy process
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parent process
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PCR process
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Perrin process
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PHA process
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phonon process
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photoelectric process
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photomechanical process
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photovoltaic process
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pig iron-scrap process
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pig-and-ore process
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pigment padding dying process
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pigment padding process
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pigment process
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pinatype process
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planar process
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plasma etching process
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plasma etch process
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plasma process
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plasma-arc process
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Plasmamelt process
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Plasmared process
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plaster mold process
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plastic wirecut process
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polytropic process
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powder silicon ribbon process
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power-press process
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prepolymer process
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prepress processes
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pressure-driven membrane process
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primuline process
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propane-acid process
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pulsating mixing process
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Purex process
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pushbench process
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Q-BOP process
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QDT process
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quality basic oxygen process process
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quasi-independent processes
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quick and direct tapping process
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ram process
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random process
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rapid solidification plasma deposition process
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rayon continuous process
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receiving process
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reclamator reclaiming process
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recurrent process
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redox process
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reducing process
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reduction-smelting process
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relaxation process
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repetitive process
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reproduction process
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reversal process
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reversible process
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RH process
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RH-OB process
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ribbon process
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R-N direct-reduction process
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roasting-sintering process
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roast-leaching process
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robot-controlled process
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rongalit-potash process
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rotor process
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rustless process
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sample process
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schoop process
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scrap-and-pig process
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scrap-conditioning process
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scrap-ore process
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screen printed process
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self-developing process
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self-healing process
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semibatch process
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semiconductor process
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sending process
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Sendzimir coating process
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sequential process
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silicon-gate MOS process
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silicon-gate process
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silk-screen process
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single-pumpdown process
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SIP process
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skein spinning process
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Skinner multiple-hearth process
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slag minimum process
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slip-casting process
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slow down process
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SLPM process
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SL-RN metallization process
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SL-RN reduction process
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solid source diffusion process
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solution regrowth process
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solvent extraction-electrowinning process
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solvent plug process
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SOS process
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spin-draw-texturizing process
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spinylock process
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sponge iron process
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spontaneous process
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Stanal process
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stationary random process
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STB process
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steady-flow process
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steam-blow process
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steelmaking process
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Stelmor process
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step and repeat process
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stochastic process
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stuffer box process
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submerged arc process
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subtractive process
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suck-and-blow process
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Sulf BT process
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Sulfinuz process
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Sumitomo-slag all recycling process
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Sumitomo-top-bottom process
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Sursulf process
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system process
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TBM process
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T-die process
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Technamation process
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thermal DeNOx process
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Therm-i-Vac process
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Thermo-Flow process
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thermoplastic process
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Thomas process
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Thorex process
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three-color process
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Thyssen-blast-metallurgy process
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Tifran process
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tightly coupled processes
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time-varying process
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trichromatic process
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triplex process
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Tropenas converter process
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Tufftride process
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Tufftride TF1 process
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uncertain process
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user process
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vacuum arc remelting process
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vacuum casting process
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vacuum deoxidation process
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vacuum induction refining process
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vacuum stream-droplet process
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vacuum-arc degassing process
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vacuum-carbodeoxidation process
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vacuum-carbonate process
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vacuum-induction melting process
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vacuum-melting process
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vacuum-metallothermic process
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vacuum-oxygen-decarburization process
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VAD process
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VAR process
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VAW process
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VHSIC process
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vigom process
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VIR process
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viscose process
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visual process
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VLSI process
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VOD process
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waiting process
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water gas process
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waterfall process
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wet process
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white-heart process
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Zinal process
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zinc distilling process -
8 CIP
1) Общая лексика: cataloging in publication2) Геология: carbon in pulp3) Авиация: compressor inlet pressure, пассажир первого или бизнес-класса (Commercial Important Person)4) Медицина: cleaning in place, Программа обучения клинического исследователя (Clinical Investigator Program), План клинического исследования (Clinical Investigation Plan), Протокол клинического исследования5) Американизм: Career Intern Program, Civilian Institution Program6) Военный термин: Candidate Interoperability Plan, Capital Investment Program, Civil Institution Program, Clothing Issue Point, Combined Interoperability Program, Command Inspection Program, Common Infrastructure Program, Communications Implementation Plan, Communications Intelligence Program, Communications Interface Processor, Correlation and Integration Processor, Country Information Package, Critical Intelligence Parameter, Crypto-Ignition Plug, Cryptographic Interface Provider, central information post, civilian instruction program, combat information plot, combat information processor, combat intelligence plan, combined instrument panel, command information program, communications improvement program, component improvement program, composite interface program, consolidated intelligence program, cost improvement program, counterinsurgency plan7) Техника: call information processing, central region communications improvement program, containment improvement program, controlled impedance package, clean in place8) Сельское хозяйство: Cleaned-In-Place, cleaning-in-place9) Химия: очистка на месте (cleaning -in-place)10) Юридический термин: Challenge Incarceration Program, The Common Indexing Protocol, freight/carriage and insurance paid to (...)11) Бухгалтерия: Central Investment Program12) Оптика: cold isostatic pressing13) Телекоммуникации: Carrier Identification Parameter, Channel Interface Processor, Classical Internet Protocol over ATM, Construction in Progress, Channel Interface Processor (Cisco)14) Сокращение: Central Imagery Processor, Collision Intervention Processor, Combat Identification Panel, Common Imagery Processor, Common Integrated Processor, Component Improvement Program (USA), Critical Infrastructure Protection, cast-iron pipe, Carriage and Insurance Paid to...15) Университет: Classification Of Instructional Programs16) Электроника: Cascade Improvement Program, Continuous Improvement Program17) Вычислительная техника: Computer Integrated Processing, Common ISDN Profile (Bluetooth, CAPI, ISDN), Classical IP over ATM (IP, ATM, IETF), Common Industrial Protocol (ODVA), control and information protocol18) Нефть: carriage and insurance paid, cement in place, closed-in pressure, давление в скважине после её остановки (closed-in pressure), цементировать при монтаже (to cement in place)19) Космонавтика: Cleaner Industrial Production, co-ordinated instrument package20) Банковское дело: Customer Identification Program (США)21) Биотехнология: Chromosomal integration plasmid22) Транспорт: Capital Investment Plan, перевозка и страхование оплачены до (carriage and insurance paid to)23) Фирменный знак: Check It Products24) Экология: Climate Impact Study Program25) Патенты: continuation-in-part26) Деловая лексика: Capital Improvement Plan, Capital Improvements Program, Computer Incorporated People, Computer Investment Program, Continuous Improvement Plan, Continuous Improvement Process27) Менеджмент: Continuous Improvement Process (процесс непрерывных улучшений), Common International Process28) Сетевые технологии: Common Isochronous Packet, Communicating Interacting Processes, complex information processing, комплексная обработка информации, common industrial protocol29) ЕБРР: (carriage and insurance paid to,... named place of destination) СИП (указать место назначения; перевозка и страхование оплачены до...)30) Сахалин Р: Chemical Injection Package31) Химическое оружие: Comprehensive Implementation Plan32) Безопасность: Complete Internet Protection33) Золотодобыча: carbon in pulp process, carbon-in-pulp, carbon-in-pulp process, выщелачивание золота цианистыми растворами с последующей адсорбцией металла из нефильтрованных пульп гранулированным активированным углём, уголь в пульпе (carbon in pulp), «уголь-в-пульпе», цианирование с последующей сорбцией на уголь34) Расширение файла: Command Interface Port, Common Indexing Protocol35) Техника киносъёмки: Coating Inspector Program (NACE)36) Федеральное бюро расследований: Counterintelligence Program37) Международные перевозки: Carriage and insurance paid to (Incoterms) -
9 cip
1) Общая лексика: cataloging in publication2) Геология: carbon in pulp3) Авиация: compressor inlet pressure, пассажир первого или бизнес-класса (Commercial Important Person)4) Медицина: cleaning in place, Программа обучения клинического исследователя (Clinical Investigator Program), План клинического исследования (Clinical Investigation Plan), Протокол клинического исследования5) Американизм: Career Intern Program, Civilian Institution Program6) Военный термин: Candidate Interoperability Plan, Capital Investment Program, Civil Institution Program, Clothing Issue Point, Combined Interoperability Program, Command Inspection Program, Common Infrastructure Program, Communications Implementation Plan, Communications Intelligence Program, Communications Interface Processor, Correlation and Integration Processor, Country Information Package, Critical Intelligence Parameter, Crypto-Ignition Plug, Cryptographic Interface Provider, central information post, civilian instruction program, combat information plot, combat information processor, combat intelligence plan, combined instrument panel, command information program, communications improvement program, component improvement program, composite interface program, consolidated intelligence program, cost improvement program, counterinsurgency plan7) Техника: call information processing, central region communications improvement program, containment improvement program, controlled impedance package, clean in place8) Сельское хозяйство: Cleaned-In-Place, cleaning-in-place9) Химия: очистка на месте (cleaning -in-place)10) Юридический термин: Challenge Incarceration Program, The Common Indexing Protocol, freight/carriage and insurance paid to (...)11) Бухгалтерия: Central Investment Program12) Оптика: cold isostatic pressing13) Телекоммуникации: Carrier Identification Parameter, Channel Interface Processor, Classical Internet Protocol over ATM, Construction in Progress, Channel Interface Processor (Cisco)14) Сокращение: Central Imagery Processor, Collision Intervention Processor, Combat Identification Panel, Common Imagery Processor, Common Integrated Processor, Component Improvement Program (USA), Critical Infrastructure Protection, cast-iron pipe, Carriage and Insurance Paid to...15) Университет: Classification Of Instructional Programs16) Электроника: Cascade Improvement Program, Continuous Improvement Program17) Вычислительная техника: Computer Integrated Processing, Common ISDN Profile (Bluetooth, CAPI, ISDN), Classical IP over ATM (IP, ATM, IETF), Common Industrial Protocol (ODVA), control and information protocol18) Нефть: carriage and insurance paid, cement in place, closed-in pressure, давление в скважине после её остановки (closed-in pressure), цементировать при монтаже (to cement in place)19) Космонавтика: Cleaner Industrial Production, co-ordinated instrument package20) Банковское дело: Customer Identification Program (США)21) Биотехнология: Chromosomal integration plasmid22) Транспорт: Capital Investment Plan, перевозка и страхование оплачены до (carriage and insurance paid to)23) Фирменный знак: Check It Products24) Экология: Climate Impact Study Program25) Патенты: continuation-in-part26) Деловая лексика: Capital Improvement Plan, Capital Improvements Program, Computer Incorporated People, Computer Investment Program, Continuous Improvement Plan, Continuous Improvement Process27) Менеджмент: Continuous Improvement Process (процесс непрерывных улучшений), Common International Process28) Сетевые технологии: Common Isochronous Packet, Communicating Interacting Processes, complex information processing, комплексная обработка информации, common industrial protocol29) ЕБРР: (carriage and insurance paid to,... named place of destination) СИП (указать место назначения; перевозка и страхование оплачены до...)30) Сахалин Р: Chemical Injection Package31) Химическое оружие: Comprehensive Implementation Plan32) Безопасность: Complete Internet Protection33) Золотодобыча: carbon in pulp process, carbon-in-pulp, carbon-in-pulp process, выщелачивание золота цианистыми растворами с последующей адсорбцией металла из нефильтрованных пульп гранулированным активированным углём, уголь в пульпе (carbon in pulp), «уголь-в-пульпе», цианирование с последующей сорбцией на уголь34) Расширение файла: Command Interface Port, Common Indexing Protocol35) Техника киносъёмки: Coating Inspector Program (NACE)36) Федеральное бюро расследований: Counterintelligence Program37) Международные перевозки: Carriage and insurance paid to (Incoterms) -
10 уголь в пульпе
Gold mining: carbon in pulp (технология выщелачивания), carbon in pulp process, carbon-in-pulp process, carbon-in-pulp technology, CIP (carbon in pulp), carbon-in-pulp -
11 выщелачивание золота цианистыми растворами с последующей адсорбцией металла из нефильтрованных пульп гранулированным активированным углём
Gold mining: CIP, carbon in pulp process, carbon-in-pulp, carbon-in-pulp processУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > выщелачивание золота цианистыми растворами с последующей адсорбцией металла из нефильтрованных пульп гранулированным активированным углём
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12 цианирование с последующей сорбцией на уголь
Gold mining: carbon in pulp process, carbon-in-pulp process, CIP, carbon-in-pulpУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > цианирование с последующей сорбцией на уголь
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13 уголь-в-пульпе
Gold mining: carbon in pulp process, carbon-in-pulp process -
14 уголь-в-пульпе
Gold mining: carbon in pulp process, carbon-in-pulp process -
15 процесс уголь в пульпе
Engineering: carbon-in-pulp processУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > процесс уголь в пульпе
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16 paper
1) бумага2) газета; журнал3) лист бумаги4) документ5) бумажные деньги6) пакет7) статья; научный доклад8) обои9) папье-маше10) завёртывать в бумагу11) подклеивать форзацАнгло-русский словарь по полиграфии и издательскому делу > paper
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17 Viscose
Viscose was discovered by two English chemists, Charles F. Cross and E. J. Be van, working in collaboration at Kew, near London, who found that when cellulose was treated with disulphide of carbon in the presence of caustic soda, it was converted into a golden yellow plastic compound which dissolved readily in water. A solution of the plastic was of such viscosity that it was named " viscose," a name that was destined to become world famous, seeing that round about 88 per cent of the world production of rayon is now made by the viscose process. In 1892 Cross and Bevan were granted a patent on the viscose process and it was applied to many purposes before the production of a textile thread was successfully accomplished. Fundamentally, the manufacture of viscose rayon is fairly simple. The raw material may be wood pulp, pulp from cotton linters, or a mixture of the two. The greater part of the world's viscose is made from wood pulp. Viscose rayon manufacture comprises seven distinct treatments as follows: - 1. Making and purifying the cotton or wood pulp which forms the cellulose base. 2. Caustic soda treatment of the cellulose base thereby forming alkali cellulose. 3. Treatment of alkali cellulose with carbon disulphide, forming cellulose xanthate. 4. Dissolving the cellulose xanthate in weak caustic soda to form cellulose solution or viscose. 5. Spinning viscose into yarn. 6. Bleaching, purification and finishing of the yarn. 7. Preparing the yarn for weaving and knitting. -
18 material
1) материал; вещество2) ткань, материал3) мн. ч. детали ( для обработки)•to calibrate a material — (точно) определять свойства материала-
ablative material
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abrasive material
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absorbent material
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acceptor material
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acoustical material
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acoustic material
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active laser material
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active material
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adding material
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advanced material
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air-equivalent material
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air-wall material
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amorphous magnetic material
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anisotropic material
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anodic material
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antiferroelectric material
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antiferromagnetic material
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antifriction material
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antihalation material
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antirot material
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antislip material
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antisun material
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asbestos-cement material
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atmospheric reentry material
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attached foreign material
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backfilling material
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backfill material
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backing material
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barrier material
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base material
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basic material
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batch material
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bed material
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bimetallic conductor material
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binding material
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bituminous material
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black-and-white material
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blanket material
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bonding material
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borrow material
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bottoming material
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bred material
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breeder material
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brittle material
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bubble material
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building material
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bulk material
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bulk semiconductor material
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burden material
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carbon electrical material
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carrier material
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case material
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cast stone material
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caved material
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cementing material
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ceramic foam material
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ceramic material
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charge material
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charging material
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clad dielectric material
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clad material
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coal-tar raw material
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coating material
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coherent material
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cohesionless material
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cohesive material
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coiled material
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cold-charged material
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color material
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combustible material
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combustion materials
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compact material
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composite material
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compounding material
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concrete materials
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conducting material
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conductor material
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constant bandgap material
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constructional material
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contact conductor material
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core material
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corrosion-resistance material
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cover material
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covering material
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crib material
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crucible material
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crystalline material
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cushioning material
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damping material
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degenerative semiconductor material
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diamagnetic material
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dielectric material
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difficult-to-cut material
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diffusion transfer material
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direct bandgap material
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discrete material
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disordered material
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dolomite-based material
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dopant material
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doping material
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dredged material
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ductile material
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dye bleach material
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earthy raw materials
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elastic material
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electret material
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electric contact material
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electric insulating material
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electrochromic material
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electrode material
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electroluminescent material
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electronic-grade material
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electronic material
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electrooptical material
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electrooptic material
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electrostrictive material
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electrotechnical material
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ENG/EFP tape material
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engineering material
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epitaxial material
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evaporated material
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evaporation material
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excavated material
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excessive uncut material
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expanded material
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explosive material
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extraneous material
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extraterrestrial material
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extrinsic material
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fabric-filled molding material
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facing material
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feed material
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ferrimagnetic material
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ferroelectric material
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ferromagnetic material
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ferrous material
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fertile material
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fettling material
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fiber glass material
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fiber-filled molding material
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fiber-forming material
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fiber-reinforced material
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fibrous material
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filling material
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finished material
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finishing material
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fireclay material
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fired material
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fireproof material
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fire-resistant material
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fissile material
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fissionable material
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fission material
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flammable material
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float material
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fluxing material
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foam material
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foam-type refractory material
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food raw material
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foreign material
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foundation material
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frost-resistant material
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fuel material
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fungicidal packaging material
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gaseous fissionable material
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gasket material
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glass-bonded reinforced dielectric material
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glass-bonded dielectric material
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glass-ceramic material
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glass-fiber material
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glass-forming material
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graded bandgap material
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granular material
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greasy material
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grinding material
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gunned material
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half-finished material
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hard material
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hard-magnetic material
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hard-to-machine material
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heat-insulating material
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heat-resistant material
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heat-resisting conductor material
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heat-resisting material
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heat-softenable material
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heat-transfer material
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high-alloy material
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high-coercivity material
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high-conductivity material
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high-definition material
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high-expansion material
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high-performance material
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high-resistivity material
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high-resolution material
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high-Z material
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honeycombed material
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honeycomb material
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host material
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hot material
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hydraulic insulating material
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hydrocarbon material
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hyperconductor material
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ideal granular material
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imaging material
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incombustible material
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inedible raw material
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inedible material
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inert material
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inflammable material
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in-process material
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insulating material
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intergranular material
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intermediate material
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intrinsic material
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isotropic material
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jointing material
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joint-sealing material
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laminated material
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large-gap material
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laser material
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lasing material
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library material
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light-sensitive material
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linearly elastic material
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lining material
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liquid fissionable material
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loading material
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loose material
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lossy material
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lost circulation material
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low-bandgap material
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low-gap material
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low-coercitivity material
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low-expansion material
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low-loss material
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low-mobility photovoltaic material
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low-resistivity material
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lump material
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magnetic material
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magnetically hard material
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magnetically soft material
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magnetodielectric material
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magnetooptic material
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magnetostrictive material
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man-made material
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materials of construction
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metallic conductor material
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metallic material
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mine-run material
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minus material
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molding material
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monocrystalline material
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multicorrugating material
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multilayer conductor material
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multilayer material
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narrow-bandgap material
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natural material
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negative electron affinity material
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negative material
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negative-image material
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nonabrasive material
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noncoherent material
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noncombustible material
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nonconductivity material
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nonfired material
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nonflammable material
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nonfood raw material
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nonmagnetic material
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nonretentive material
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nonsilver material
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nonterrestrial material
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n-type material
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nuclear material
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oil-resistant material
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optical material
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oversize material
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oxide-metal material
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packaging material
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packing material
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paintwork material
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paramagnetic material
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parent material
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patching material
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pavement material
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paving material
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phosphor material
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photochromic material
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photoconductive material
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photographic material
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photoresponsive material
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photosensitive material
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phototropic material
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photovoltaic material
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piezoelectric material
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plastic material
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polycrystalline material
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poromeric material
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positive electron affinity material
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positive material
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positive-image material
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preformed material
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pressure sensitive material
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prestrained material
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p-type material
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pulp-making material
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pyroelectric material
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ramming material
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random material
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rapid-access photographic material
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raw material
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receiving material
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recording material
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recycled material
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reference nuclear materials
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refractory conductor material
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refractory material
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reject material
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rejected material
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resistance material
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resistive material
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retentive material
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returned fissile material
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reversal material
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road-building material
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roll material
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roll-compacted powder material
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rooting material
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rough material
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rubber-cord material
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rubber-like material
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rubber-reinforced material
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rubbery material
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sandwiched material
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scrap material
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sealing material
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secondary hardening material
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secondary raw materials
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self-adhesive material
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self-developing material
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semiconducting material
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semiconductive material
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semisolid bituminous materials
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sensitive material
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sheet material
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shielding material
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silicate concrete material
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silverless material
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sintered material
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sintered metal-powder material
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slagging material
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slip-cast material
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soft material
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soft-magnetic material
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solar energy storage material
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solid bituminous material
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solid fissionable material
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solid-foamed material
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solvent-resistant material
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sound-absorbing material
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sound-insulating material
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space-manufactured material
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spalling-resistant material
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special fissionable material
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square-loop material
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standard nuclear materials
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starting material
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stealth material
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stemming material
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stowing material
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structural material
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superconducting material
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superconductive material
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superrefractory material
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surface-active material
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surface-inactive material
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tamping material
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tar-dolomite material
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tar-stabilized dolomite material
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temperature sensitive material
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termination material
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textured material
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thermographic material
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thermomagnetic material
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thermosetting material
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thermost material
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timber-based material
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tool material
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tree-length material
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two-gap material
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two-valley material
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ultrarefractory material
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unclad dielectric material
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undersize material
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upholstery material
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vaporproof material
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vesicular material
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video material
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vitrocrystalline material
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wall-building material
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washing material
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waste material
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waterproofing material
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web material
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weighting material
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widebandgap material
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widegap material
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wood raw material
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work material -
19 Bevan, Edward John
[br]b. 11 December 1856 Birkenhead, Englandd. 17 October 1921 London, England[br]English co-inventor of the " viscose rayon " process for making artificial silk.[br]Bevan began his working life as a chemist in a soap works at Runcorn, but later studied chemistry at Owens College, Manchester. It was there that he met and formed a friendship with C.F. Cross, with whom he started to work on cellulose. Bevan moved to a paper mill in Scotland but then went south to London, where he and Cross set up a partnership in 1885 as consulting and analytical chemists. Their work was mainly concerned with the industrial utilization of cellulose, and with the problems of the paper and jute industries. Their joint publication, A Text-book of Paper-making, which first appeared in 1888 and went into several editions, became the standard reference and textbook on the subject. The book has a long introductory chapter on cellulose.In 1892 Cross, Bevan and Clayton Beadle discovered viscose, or sodium cellulose xanthate, and took out the patent which was to be the foundation of the "viscose rayon" industry. They had their own laboratory at Station Avenue, Kew Gardens, where they carried out much work that eventually resulted in viscose: cellulose, usually in the form of wood pulp, was treated first with caustic soda and then with carbon disulphide to form the xanthate, which was then dissolved in a solution of dilute caustic soda to produce a viscous liquid. After being aged, the viscose was extruded through fine holes in a spinneret and coagulated in a dilute acid to regenerate the cellulose as spinnable fibres. At first there was no suggestion of spinning it into fibre, but the hope was to use it for filaments in incandescent electric light bulbs. The sheen on the fibres suggested their possible use in textiles and the term "artificial silk" was later introduced. Cross and Bevan also discovered the acetate "Celanese", which was cellulose triacetate dissolved in acetone and spun in air, but both inventions needed much development before they could be produced commercially.In 1892 Bevan turned from cellulose to food and drugs and left the partnership to become Public Analyst to Middlesex County Council, a post he held until his death, although in 1895 he and Cross published their important work Cellulose. He was prominent in the affairs of the Society of Public Analysts and became one of its officials.[br]Bibliography1888, with C.F.Cross, A Text-book of Papermaking.1892, with C.F.Cross and C.Beadle, British patent no. 8,700 (viscose). 1895, with C.F.Cross, Cellulose.Further ReadingObituary, 1921, Journal of the Chemical Society.Obituary, 1921, Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry.Edwin J.Beer, 1962–3, "The birth of viscose rayon", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 35 (an account of the problems of developing viscose rayon; Beer worked under Cross in the Kew laboratories).RLH -
20 Cross, Charles Frederick
[br]b. 11 December 1855 Brentwood, Middlesex, Englandd. 15 April 1935 Hove, England[br]English chemist who contributed to the development of viscose rayon from cellulose.[br]Cross was educated at the universities of London, Zurich and Manchester. It was at Owens College, Manchester, that Cross first met E.J. Bevan and where these two first worked together on the nature of cellulose. After gaining some industrial experience, Cross joined Bevan to set up a partnership in London as analytical and consulting chemists, specializing in the chemistry and technology of cellulose and lignin. They were at the Jodrell laboratory, Kew Gardens, for a time and then set up their own laboratory at Station Avenue, Kew Gardens. In 1888, the first edition of their joint publication A Textbook of Paper-making, appeared. It went into several editions and became the standard reference and textbook on the subject. The long introductory chapter is a discourse on cellulose.In 1892, Cross, Bevan and Clayton Beadle took out their historic patent on the solution and regeneration of cellulose. The modern artificial-fibre industry stems from this patent. They made their discovery at New Court, Carey Street, London: wood-pulp (or another cheap form of cellulose) was dissolved in a mixture of carbon disulphide and aqueous alkali to produce sodium xanthate. After maturing, it was squirted through fine holes into dilute acid, which set the liquid to give spinnable fibres of "viscose". However, it was many years before the process became a commercial operation, partly because the use of a natural raw material such as wood involved variations in chemical content and each batch might react differently. At first it was thought that viscose might be suitable for incandescent lamp filaments, and C.H.Stearn, a collaborator with Cross, continued to investigate this possibility, but the sheen on the fibres suggested that viscose might be made into artificial silk. The original Viscose Spinning Syndicate was formed in 1894 and a place was rented at Erith in Kent. However, it was not until some skeins of artificial silk (a term to which Cross himself objected) were displayed in Paris that textile manufacturers began to take an interest in it. It was then that Courtaulds decided to investigate this new fibre, although it was not until 1904 that they bought the English patents and developed the first artificial silk that was later called "rayon". Cross was also concerned with the development of viscose films and of cellulose acetate, which became a rival to rayon in the form of "Celanese". He retained his interest in the paper industry and in publishing, in 1895 again collaborating with Bevan and publishing a book on Cellulose and other technical articles. He was a cultured man and a good musician. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1917.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1917.Bibliography1888, with E.J.Bevan, A Text-book of Papermaking. 1892, British patent no. 8,700 (cellulose).Further ReadingObituary Notices of the Royal Society, 1935, London. Obituary, 1935, Journal of the Chemical Society 1,337. Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, 1989, Cambridge.Edwin J.Beer, 1962–3, "The birth of viscose rayon", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 35 (an account of the problems of developing viscose rayon; Beer worked under Cross in the Kew laboratories).C.Singer (ed.), 1978, A History of Technology, Vol. VI, Oxford: Clarendon Press.RLHBiographical history of technology > Cross, Charles Frederick
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